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Interview with Charles H. Diggs

Citation

Please feel free to use the information from this transcript in any scholarly work. The full citation for this document is : Charles H. Diggs, interview by Amy Mundschenk, October 29, 1997, OH003, Oral History Collection, Frederick Community College, Frederick, MD.

Abstract

Charles Diggs is a fifty-nine year old Frederick County, Maryland resident. He grew up in Frederick and lived during the Civil Rights Movements. He focuses on the changes that he saw. Mr. Diggs went to an all black school in Frederick called the Lincoln School. After finishing the tenth grade, Mr. Diggs opted not to continue his education. Mr. Diggs was one of eleven children, only two of which were his full sisters. Almost everyone in his family still resides in the Frederick area. Compared to many other black children, he believes that he had many more opportunities, due to his fathers position at a local hotel. Mr. Diggs never really participated in any of the local civil rights movements. However he did see the changes and confrontations which occurred. Main topics in the interview covered Mr. Diggs opinion of Frederick in the earlier part of the century. Another topic is that of people who go out looking for trouble and how they will find it. A final topic is that segregation still is present in our society, just in less obvious forms.

Transcript

AM = Amy Mundschenk (interviewer)
CD = Charles Diggs (interviewee)

AM: We are at 125 East Patrick Street. It is 4:30 on Wednesday and today is the 29th of October, 1997. So, I just ask you to say you name and your birthday and the place you grew up.
 
CD: Charles H. Diggs. Birth date: March 15, 1938. Age fifty-nine. I grew up in Frederick, Maryland, born in Virginia, western Virginia.
 
AM: How old were you when you moved to Frederick?
 
CD: Around seven, seven years old when I moved to Frederick.
 
AM: What's the school you attended?
 
CD: Lincoln High School, in Frederick.
 
AM: Before that?
 
CD: I went to school somewhere in Virginia but I don't recall the name of the school at this time. I don't remember.
 
AM: Did you like Lincoln high School?
 
CD: Yeah, I enjoyed it. It was alright. That's the only school that we had to go to at the time when I was going to school with black children at the Lincoln High School.
 
AM: You graduated from Lincoln High?
 
CD: No, I didn't graduate. I went to the tenth grade.
 
AM: Okay, well I was wondering about your family history and where they lived and if your parents had to struggle?
 
CD: I imagine my dad and mother had it right rough for them back at that time. My dad was from Maryland, and my mother was from Virginia. There's not a, a lot I can tell you about Virginia because I wasn't raised in Virginia. I just went back and would visit and when the time came that I went back I thought it was right decent. Frederick, I though I had it made because my father worked at a hotel of Frederick at Credlazone and I was basically raised around a lot of white children and I had privilege to do things that a lot of the black children couldn't do by working on parties and various jobs after school, the West Auto Show, Cramers Department Store, Covells Grocery Store. So, you know, I just was more fortunate than a lot of other children was because I was at work ever since I was old enough to work. It made a big difference in the way I was I was brought up.
 
AM: Do you have any brothers or sisters?
 
CD: I have two sisters, whole sisters. I have four half brothers and five half sisters. And one brother. . . two brothers is dead, deceased, and three sisters [are dead]; the rest of them are living.
 
AM: Do they still live in Frederick?
 
CD: All but one, two, one in Philadelphia, one in Baltimore.
 
AM: I'm just trying to figure out Frederick and the way it was, you know, just how the department stores were, and the movie theaters.
 
CD: Well back then we only had one movie that the black could go to, and that was the Opera House, and that was on the 200 block of North Market Street. Department stores was. . . you could go in it and your restaurants, but it wasn't many restaurants you could sit in and eat; if we had to get anything, we had to get it to go. The Y.M.C.A. [Young Men's Christian Association] was there on the corner of Court and Church Street. And the black weren't allowed to go to the Y.M.C.A. at all. So any sports that we had to take we had to take it in school or in a local park somewhere because we weren't allowed to go to the, the Y.M.C.A.
 
AM: So do you remember Baker Park and movie theaters and stuff being desegregated? When they opened those up for just all of [the] public.
 
CD: Yeah, I remember when they opened them up, but I don't recall the year and the date, but it was, I would say, in the [19]60's, late [19]50's before they could go into the Tivoli Theater. But other than that the only movie that we had to go to out of the three movies they had was the Opera House. That's all we had.
 
AM: And they did the same thing with hospitals? That's what I heard, that they had separate entrances or separate hospitals.
 
CD: At that time back then, the Montevue, it's out there off of Rosemont Avenue, is where black, the hospitals the black had. They couldn't go to the Frederick Memorial Hospital until a later date. We had to go out to Montevue. That's where two, three, of my sisters and brothers were born at because we couldn't go to Frederick Memorial Hospital.
 
AM: Would they turn people down?
 
CD: You just couldn't be allowed to go there. You wouldn't have to be turned down, you just knew better then to go there.
 
AM: Were you around when the [Great] depression happened?
 
CD: Not that I remember, no.
 
AM: You were real young or weren't born yet?
 
CD: A little of both. I remember vaguely when my parents had to have tickets or stamps to get sugar and kerosene and stuff like that, but that was, I was very young, I just don't remember enough to talk about it.
 
AM: I think my grandmother said there was rations?
 
CD: Rations, right; I remember they had to have stamps to get sugar and kerosene and whatever. I don't know, I was just too young to know about that and that was when I was in Virginia, not here after being moved to Frederick that I'm aware of. But a lot different me living in Maryland than it was in Virginia. So I was the only one at that time, and I was false sorted head too much aware what everybody was to pick you know but I didn't, I can't say I had a real rough time, just the way I was raised and the people I was raised around. I imagine a lot of other people that lived on the outskirts of town and didn't, wasn't raised in the area where there was money. I guess they would have had a lot of problems, but I was fortunate to be in an area where I was accepted for who I was as a person and that's the way it pretty well was.
 
AM: So how do you think Frederick is today?
 
CD: A tremendous improvement. A lot of people come to Frederick one of the places it's hard for them to leave but they want to stay here. Frederick came a long ways, a long ways, and I'm very pleased with it, very pleased.
 
AM: Well, we've talked about Frederick still having problems. Some things still almost being still segregated like them mentioning barber shops or different places that they still have discrimination against.
 
CD: I think in all fairness is because blacks have been going to black barber shops for so many years that and the white have been going to the white barber shops for so many years, they just think one can't cut the others hair for the difference in the hair. But I've seen whites in the black barber shops. But I have seen it. I just think it's a matter of the black accepting that this person can cut my hair. That's the way I look at it. That's the way I feel because being honest with you I have seen it since you have got a lot of mixed relationships now. You seen the whites and the blacks in the same barber shop, the one that I go with is on, excuse me, West All Saints Street, "The Hills," and I've seen white in there. And I've seen white ladies in there getting their hair trimmed, so it's just a matter of adjusting yourself to be sitting there and letting that person do your hair, that's what I think it is. It is my personal opinion.
 
AM: How did you feel about President Ronald Reagan or President [John F.] Kennedy?
 
CD: Well, you know Kennedy was a favorite of all blacks, it depends on who's in the office before the next one gets in and what he can do. One lays on the job of the other one and the time that Kennedy was in there I thought he did a lot for us, for the black anyway, a tremendous lot. And then you had others come along behind him, and I feel that they just more or less followed in his foot steps and I guess they did a pretty good job, seriously.
 
AM: Even Ronald Reagan?
 
CD: Well, he had his ups and his downs and with me in the business that I'm in, I don't know one man make the decisions but it's always one man gets the blame for it. That was because the people that put him in office were the ones that was pushing him out to do what they wanted him to do ...again he was the fall guy. He was this guy sitting in front but there was other people behind him saying this is what I want; this is what you owe me, we got you in here and this is what I want out of you. That's the way I seen it...the way I look at it. But, I think in all fairness it's turned the way it should be.

In restaurants, there was a lot of restaurants we couldn't go to. I don't think it was fair; it wasn't fair but I didn't make a big stink out of it because if I wanted to go some place and eat I wanted to go some place they wanted me to be and let me enjoy my food than have them do something to my food that I can't eat. So I never made that a big issue. I didn't like it, but there was nothing I could do about it, and I didn't feel that it was in my place to go out here and picket in front of some restaurant businesses and for me them to feed me and then do something to my food to the point where I can't eat it. That's the way I look at it, but I didn't think it was right that I had to do that, but that's the way it was at that time. That's the way that most the people was raised, and then there was a lot of guys that I run around with the doctor's children, the lawyer's children that I knew apologized. And a lot of them wouldn't even go into a restaurant because I couldn't go in. They said, "Well Charlie, I'll go in and get it and we'll sit out here and eat; we'll eat going down the street." They wouldn't leave me standing outside and they go in and they would bring their's out and we'd all eat together. So, but that was one of the guys, you know I was just a person that was raised up with the lawyer's son and the doctor's sons and so forth, so I had a little more, I guess favoritism. I don't know if you want to call it that or not but it's just that we got along, was raised up together and they didn't look at me as a black child.

I recall when I was younger, one of Mrs. Crogan's granddaughters, we was there in the garage playing and she said "Charlie I want to look like you" and there was some pipe blackened and I fixed her up so when her nanny came out...the lady that worked at the hotel that took care of us...she like had a heart attack when she seen her. Well, I got spanked for it. My daddy gave me a little spanking for it, but they laughed it off. But Mrs. Crogan used to take me to Hagerstown. They used to, women's had their rummage sales and the yard sales and stuff like that and I was one of them that would go. Once I was in the car and I was just about everywhere so in a way I had it made. I can't give you a lot of complaining. I just feel sorry for a lot of other people who didn't have the opportunities that I had. But in a way I still got it. I mean because I try to treat people the way I want to be treated, that's the way I was brought up. You know if you want to be treated like a fool, you act like a fool, they're gonna treat you like a fool. You act like a young man, they're going to treat you like a young man and that's the way that my parents brought me up. And believe it or not; it works because I have no problem with a lot of people and a lot of people don't like me when they first see me or get talking to me but later on we end up being good friends, you know. So that's the way I've been doing, that's the way I raised my children to be like, some listened, some didn't, you know, so I can't do anything about that.
 

AM: How many children do you have?
 
CD: I had 3 girls and 2 boys and they're all grown up.
 
AM: And they never had problems in school or ...?
 
CD: Oh yes, the boys did; the girls, I was very pleased with the girls. The boys I don't know where they came from. I don't know where they came from seriously. But the girls are very good; they're doing very, very good, very pleased.
 
AM: Where did they go to school?
 
CD: T.J. [Governor Thomas Johnson High School] They went to the school at T.J. I can't think of the name of the school up behind the hospital, that school used to be up behind but they tore it down and put that parking deck up.
 
AM: Yeah, I'm not sure, I know what you're talking about but I can't remember the name either.
 
CD: That's where they went to school and they're out of school now. The girls are married, the boys not, but they're doing very good.
 
AM: I'm trying to think of something else.
 
CD: Okay, I worked for John Parton, optioned, in Frederick and I worked for him seven and a half years and I got to meet a lot of good people out there. It was in November of 1963 and I work for Grove in Flynt Coat at Genstar as a maintenance technician and this November the 21st I'll be out there thirty four years as a maintenance technician.
 
AM: Has that changed a lot in the last thirty years?
 
CD: Management, yes, a tremendous lot. They have downsized in employees out there, which a lot of businesses is doing that. Business-wise we're still doing good and plenty work, plenty of work, and like I said you don't stay on a job that many years now and not like it, so its been good for me. Which I try to make a bad thing good anyway. You know because I'm a hop,skip and jump from work from home and I enjoy the work that I'm doing. I've been a union employee for thirty-four years and a union rep from a shop steward for at least twenty nine years so and I haven't had no problem with that. It's all in what you make it and I try to make it work for me and not against me.
 
AM: It's the best thing you can do.
 
CD: Yeah, seriously.
 
AM: I was going to ask you. People like Thurgood Marshall and leaders like Charles Houston, if you had any view points on them or if you had met anyone in the NAACP or had any kind of?
 
CD: Not really. I heard a lot of discussion and it was fairly decent. I've never got into that too much. I was always into something else where I didn't get into too much of that. I never, I had my thing to do and they had theirs and we didn't have much with each one another. You know, so I couldn't help you too much on those guys around, didn't get into that. I had opportunities but I had too much other things that I was involved in on my job, in the union everything so I just didn't get into that.
 
AM: I know that were saying that there's a NAACP here in Frederick. A lot of people didn't even know about it. Actually I never heard of it.
 
CD: Well, the gentleman you showed me, Mr. Nickens, he's been a big influence on that in Frederick and some other people I knew, but like I said, I had enough of my other things that I was involved in that I didn't need that, you know, which they was doing all right. I mean it they had needed the help and I'm pretty sure I'd been there if it was needed, but I just had enough other things to do without getting involved in it, but Mr. Nickens is a big, big, big, player and a lot of my friends are, but I never got in it.
 
AM: Yeah, he was a really neat guy to talk to. I'm out of questions. It sounds good though. I mean at least you didn't have a lot of problems in Frederick. Maybe it shows another side that Frederick isn't as bad as some people think or...
 
CD: You went some place looking for trouble whether a black went in a white neighborhood or a white went into a black neighborhood, you were looking for trouble, you'd find it. I didn't go looking for nothing like that. I went in to try to get along with people and like I said, that's the way I was raised. If you're not supposed to be there, don't go there and that's the way I was brought up and it worked for me. Again the restaurants, I didn't like it. I didn't go in because you couldn't sit down and have a good meal and enjoy yourself, but again if I'm going some place to eat, I want someone to serve me that wants to serve me, not forced on it because they can do anything to my food, and I don't like nothing like that, so it didn't worry me that much because it wasn't nothing I could do to start with. If I started to walk around there for three weeks, it ain't going to make them bring me no sandwich. You know they going to be in there sitting and eating and looking at me, and I'll be out there hungry, walking out there, so I go home and get something to eat. That's the way I looked at it and that's the way I look at it today and I guess because I knew what's good for us and what's going to happen, going to happen anyhow and it worked out right there you go into any restaurant you want to go to, a lot of them I don't go to because I can't afford it, you know but there again if they don't want you in there they can say okay the man said that you have to come in here but how about raising the price of a hamburger so high that you can't afford it nohow, so that's the way I always looked at it. Anything that I do, well if I see somebody and somebody seems to be lost and you look at the person, you're going to ask them, "Where you want to go?" They turn around the look on their face that tells you don't want to say nothing to this guy so you go down the street and you ask them and bam. That's the way I was brought up and my fifty-nine years I can't say that I regret any of it. I've met some awful nice people.

I think, I hope, I helped you for what little I could give you. That's the way I see Frederick, I tell them my mother came up here and she enjoyed it, we went out to Peter Pan because my sister's working out there. And where they put the trash at my mother says, "Charles what in the name of the devil is that smell?" I says that's where the devil lives at, this is God's country but we do have a little place for the devil. But everybody that comes to Frederick they want to stay here and you notice yourself Frederick has grown tremendous. Everywhere you look they're building houses and stores and post stations and shopping centers and apartments and all this stuff and it scares me because when you add this much concrete and black top and we get some big rains like they get other places, we got a big problem because [the] Monocacy [River] is not going to hold all this water. And a lot of people are going to wish they built some boats instead of these houses because we're not going to have enough place for the water to go. Frederick has just grown too fast, way, way too fast.
 

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