Please feel free to use the information from this transcript in any scholarly work. The full citation for this document is : Charles V. Main, interview by Bruce A. Thompson and Michael Powell, February 23, 1998, OH012, Oral History Collection, Frederick Community College, Frederick, MD.
Charles V. Main was Frederick's Chief of Police from 1952 to 1976. Most of the interview focuses on race relations, desegregation, and his role in keeping the peace, including the period after Martin Luther King, Jr's assassination. Chief Main also briefly discusses his family background, career as a Maryland State trooper and involvement in the city's Little League program.
BT = Bruce A. Thompson (interviewer)
MP = Michael Powell (interviewer)
CM = Charles V. Main (interviewee)
LM = Louise Main
| BT: |
Hello, this is Bruce Thompson with Michael Powell. We are interviewing Chief Charles V. Main. We are in his home at 15 West 13th Street, Frederick City. Today is Monday, February the 23rd, 1998. It's about 10 ‘til four. How are you doing today Chief Main? |
| CM: |
I'm doing fine. |
| BT: |
Okay, Chief Main, I thought we'd start off with something easy. Can you give me a little bit of family background? |
| CM: |
Yes, sir. I am one of seven children. I had five sisters, one brother, and myself. |
| BT: |
Could you name them real fast? |
| CM: |
Oh yes. Ruth, Liona, Katherine, Virginia, Mary, Melvin, and Charles. |
| BT: |
Now are you related to the Main's in Middletown? |
| CM: |
I was born in Middletown and came to Frederick when I was four years old. |
| BT: |
Main's Ice Cream? |
| CM: |
Correct. |
| BT: |
Okay, I just had a hunch. So you were born in Middletown when? |
| CM: |
1910. |
| BT: |
1910. |
| CM: |
January 22nd. |
| BT: |
Okay, and when did you move to Frederick. |
| CM: |
In 1914. |
| BT: |
1914, so you were four years old. |
| CM: |
Correct. |
| BT: |
What did your daddy do? |
| CM: |
My father was a plumber. |
| BT: |
Okay. |
| CM: |
Clarence V. Main. |
| BT: |
Clarence V. Main. What did your mom do? |
| CM: |
My mother was, well, she raised children...she raised children! |
| MP: |
That's a bit of a job isn't it. |
| CM: |
Back then, right. |
| BT: |
So, you moved to Frederick. So, you grew up in Frederick essentially. |
| CM: |
Correct. |
| BT: |
What were some of your early childhood memories? |
| CM: |
Well my first childhood memory was that of being associated with a fellow name of Donald B. Rice who was same age as I, four years old. And he lived on East South Street, my father was on West South Street, 15 West South Street. And we went to school, grade school, I went with him to school and high school together. And we were lifelong friends from that day on that we met. We went to pre-kindergarten in Frederick at South Market Street and South Street. And we -- neither one of us had much money, but anyway the family didn't have much. But we went to pre-kindergarten. A lady by the name of (indiscernible) ran it. And it still exists in Frederick today and a lady by the name of Florence Garner was the director of the kindergarten. Then I went to school, Washington Street school which was located up on Washington Street. My older sisters went to school where the junior varsity workshop first was at the schoolhouse there, my two older sisters. And my one sister died at an early age. And then my two other sisters came along later on and my brother was the last of the family, the younger of the family rather.
And as time went on why of course graduating from high school in 1927 there wasn't many jobs around Frederick you could make any money on. And my family couldn't afford me or anybody else to go to college because things was tight. And after finishing high school and I found out that I could do well in the Navy. Well, in the meantime my father died in 1925, I was 15 years old. And I knew that my sisters and my brother suddenly needed support and my mother. And I couldn't get a job. Well, there weren't any available in those days. So I went away in the Navy and (indiscernible) to volunteer and I sent all my money back to my mother to help out. And in 1931 was the time I had four years investment, in 1931 why I felt I would like to be a state police officer. So I made application and as a result of that I came back to Frederick and took the examination and fortunately I got the job in 1932. And there I served for 21 years in the Maryland State Police.
And then my good friend Donald B. Rice became mayor of the city of Frederick in '51 and he came to me and asked me to come to Frederick to reorganize the police department or head the police department up. And of course I was -- well, I was just on the way up I thought in the State Police, I was a detective sergeant working in the bureau, investigating bureau, and as a result of that why it was a long, hard decision to make because I knew about the Frederick City Police Department being a resident of the community. And I knew that you served at the pleasure of the mayor. And I was going from a permanent position under the merit system to a not merit system but it was a challenge. So Mr. Rice, mayor, kept prevailing and I came here. My first wife, Freida, was a nurse at the Frederick Memorial Hospital. She did not want me to do this because of the permanency of the job and she knew the ramifications. So anyway, I came here. |
| BT: |
'51 or '52? |
| CM: |
'52. |
| BT: |
'52. |
| CM: |
And of course she was a wonderful lady, I loved her very much, but she was so provoked at me for taking this job that she didn't even come down to the swearing in ceremony. Only because of the permanency, not -- But we lived together, 41 years we lived together and she died of cancer.
But anyway, I knew it was a big challenge and it was one in which of course during that time on State Police I was doing well. I was a barrack commander down at Easton on the Eastern Shore and then I came to Frederick here as a barrack commander here in Frederick. And then later on I must have been doing pretty well, I had been advanced to headquarters in charge of the investigating bureau. So there is where I left that job and came here to Frederick in 1952.
And of course it was a challenge because the police officers were not trained, they had bad uniforms, they had -- they had the revolvers were one in which I had to get rid of very quickly because they were all corroded up and so forth and so on. But anyway, however, we got over that hump pretty good. And as time went on why there was some -- the people -- well, they didn't care for me too much because I was too strict I think. And they weren't people that -- they were political appointments until I came here. But a new mayor came in, the police force went out. And if you weren't on the side of the police department or the mayor's agenda, why you were out as a police officer. So we were able to go down to the Maryland legislature and there get a mandate that we would have a merit system. And that was the only way to go at that time. And we began a -- and then the next thing that happened to me was that in 1954 I was invited to go to the FBI Academy and the National Academy. This is a different -- the National Academy is one in where they train -- the same kind of training that the FBI each of themselves get, but they train police officers throughout the country. And I went there and for the six months, and when we came back from there why of course I set up a training school and I learned a lot about human relations and so forth and so on. These are during the days of J. Edgar Hoover, a tough guy, a good guy. And I studied hard, worked hard, and still ran the police department from the academy down in Quantico. And I used to come back every evening. I could have stayed down there but I drove back and in the morning go down there. Because I felt I had an obligation to the city of Frederick because I was employed by them. And they would furnish me lodging and so forth and so on. But anyway, I could have stayed at the academy at Quantico but I felt an obligation to come back each evening and see what's going on and go down early in the morning. And fortunately Mr. J. Edgar Hoover gave me the pat on the back and said that I had achieved all the things and had the best notebook in the whole academy, which was very nice.
And he was absolutely a very personal guy. He'd come in -- well, when he was in town he would be in -- he'd drive down there every morning, and he knew everybody and there were 71 of us in the class. And he knew every person in that class by their first and middle name and he'd call you so, every day. But -- not everyday, but when he was in town. So it made a big impression on me. And we had the finest instructors that I have ever known.
And then I came back to Frederick and of course I had to finish up the school and set up a training school here in Frederick of which the city of Frederick did not play fair with me because I had to do it with very limited money. But anyway, we got it done. And then of course that was in '54.
And then at that time it was a fellow by the name of Jim Grove who was the postmaster here in Frederick, he felt that we ought to have a Little League here in Frederick and he got that formed. And we started the first Little League in Frederick County. And it's still going now. |
| BT: |
You were part of that Little League? |
| CM: |
Oh, yes. It's now the National League. |
| MP: |
At Staley Park, yes. |
| CM: |
That's right. That's right. National. And of course there is American Little League, there's two leagues. But a fellow name of Grove, Jim Grove and myself were the founders of that. Because in my judgment I thought that to get these people trained right, these young people, they ought to give them something to do. And it was black or white or whatever it was. We were able to develop this real big and we played over -- and we played down in Staley Park for a while. We then played over where the North Frederick School is now and played there for a while. And then a man by the name of Charles P. Staley owned some property down on -- off West -- on East 13th Street and there he said we wanted to buy a piece of property so we bought some property down there for $4,000 and up to this day it's a private park for the city. It's incorporated within the city. But and then last year 1956 why the park became in very poor condition and the buildings fell down and so forth, so oh well.
In the beginning -- it's a very interesting thing. Mr. Staley's son, it's named the Robert B. Memorial Stadium because his son was killed in an automobile accident and he was a player, and Mr. Staley -- and we got the $4,000 to buy that property, and then at the ceremony of Donald B. Rice when he was here as the mayor we had the check for $4,000, and because the son being killed in an automobile accident he gave us the check back and then named it the Robert B. Memorial Stadium. Did you know that?
|
| BT: |
No, I didn't know that. |
| MP: |
I didn't know that. |
| CM: |
Yes. So that's the way we did that. So then after in 1956 we used that $4,000 to put up a building, a stadium. And fenced it up and so forth and so on. And the building started falling down. And in 1956 why I dropped out of Little League, and in the meantime they came to me and wanted to know if I would help with some fundraising benefits to get the stadium going. So we put up a new building down there. And some in kind services we -- a fellow named Jim Hanlon, Jimmy Hanlon who came to me, his father was the dentist and he was very enthusiastic about the situation. So I got -- went with him and went around and got a lot of people to give us things, fences and stuff like that and we were going to rebuild it. But the building itself down here now is named the Donald B. Rice Stadium. The park itself is still -- still Mr. -- I mean Robert Staley Memorial Stadium. The building is up now.
And I went to the Rice family and the Rice family again, Ken, Donald B. Rice, Jr., and Jimmy Rice and Ken Rice and Mary Rice, the mother is still living. In the meantime Donald Rice died. And we thought something ought to be done for him. So I went to all these boys and I got some money together and that building down there now is named the Donald B. Rice building and $40,000 for that, we put it by the building because we wanted the Little League to keep on going. So okay. That's much -- the Little League a lot of it (indiscernible). I felt that we must reach the small -- the children, because in my first marriage I had no children and I am a very dedicated religious person. And Freida, my dear wife Freida is gone now, we went to the alter of our church, the Calvary Methodist Church and there we knelt to give our service to God and to do what we could for the community. And that's how it is I started off with a big bang with all these charity things that I've done in my life.
Okay. Now we're coming up to on the rest of the community. Of course I am advantaged, but I must say this, I'm positive I had an advantage over anybody that could have come here, not because of my ability, only because that I happen to be a resident of the city of Frederick, I grew up on West South Street, and we just were around the corner from Ice Street where the -- and Saint's Street where all those problems are going on and I happen to know all these young people, played with them as a young boy, fought with them, argued with them. And I -- that was my advantage. |
| BT: |
What were racial relations like before you became police chief? |
| CM: |
They weren't good. |
| BT: |
Can you give me some examples of what you remember? |
| CM: |
Well, they had an attitude here of -- I'll go ahead and answer questions later. Ask the question later. Bad situation. Well, my first experience was long before that, it was when I was on the State Police. I happened to be sent down -- in 1932 I was sent down to Easton where I became barrack commander eight years later after that. And there the State Police had a bad attitude too. And you know everybody is important, I don't care what station in life you come from or where you're coming from, every person in the world today is important. If you lose sight of that then you're going to be in trouble. And the Eastern Shore down there the State Police were really tough guys, no question about it. And I was pretty tough too, but very positive. I always felt the human feeling for people. |
| BT: |
Well now if I got these dates right you were in Easton from '32 to '40? |
| CM: |
I was down there -- yes. Well, I wasn't -- no, no, wait a minute. No, no, I didn't stay all the time, no, no. In those days a fellow named E. Austin Baughman it was. Baughman's Lane was named. |
| BT: |
Baughman? |
| CM: |
I didn't (indiscernible). He was the first superintendent of the Maryland State Police and he was a tough guy himself. I mean to tell you he was a risk cut. Anyway then his policy was that every six months you're transferred. I was transferred all over the state of Maryland. I didn't stay there all that time, but I -- after eight years I did go back down to there and became the barrack commander where I started out from. |
| BT: |
Okay. All right. Because if I remember correctly there was a lynching on the Eastern Shore in '33. |
| CM: |
That's correct. |
| BT: |
Were you on the Eastern Shore then? |
| CM: |
I was on the Eastern Shore then. |
| BT: |
Were you? Do you remember anything about that? |
| CM: |
I do so. I do so. That was in Dorchester County, Cambridge. And well, indeed I do remember that. A black fellow had raped an elderly lady in Dorchester County at Cambridge. They had transferred him -- after they apprehended this boy, they had transferred him to Princess Anne. And all of us, but there was only about 50 of us, 50 I think at that time, I think I'm correct on this, about 50 of the State Police, and we were all -- just about everybody went down there during that time. And there this young man he was put in jail now, took him out of that jail, put him on a pole and tarred and feathered him, and we arrived on the scene, most of our fellows and I think about 40 of us went down there, however, they were going to lynch this guy and kill him. And fortunately for him he was able to escape off of this pole they had him on and a fellow by the name of Lewis and a fellow by the name of Parker and myself we were given the assignment at nighttime to -- it was (indiscernible) at that time and there one night in the cold, it was February, I believe it was if I recall right, but anyway it was in the winter and here are -- and during the night it was snowing, sleeting, and we heard in the voice "Help, help," faintly. And then we went towards that area and there was a black fellow in the pond and he was frozen. So I suppose the first tactic where I had ever done got -- and I was really cataloged as not a very good nice guy, but the one guy was an Eastern shoreman, he pulled his (indiscernible) and he said, "The hell with a trial on this thing," I'll never forget it if I live to be 1,000 years old, "I can end it now," and I take the gun away from him, because every man has a right to a trial. And so we got him at -- we were able to get him in the car and for safe keeping we had taken him up to Dover, Delaware. And he was -- he was hung (indiscernible) for the crime which he committed. |
| BT: |
So did you have anything here in Frederick? I mean you said there was a lot of head knocking, or I don't know how you said it. |
| CM: |
Well, unrest. |
| BT: |
There was unrest, but obviously there was segregation. |
| CM: |
That's right, sure. Because you see in 1954 you had separation in schools here. |
| BT: |
So after -- |
| CM: |
It was a big court ruling ruled that out and the school is over off McMurray Street over there and we couldn't go to school with the blacks, they couldn't go with us. And of course a lot of that still -- is still around in some parts. So, yes, there was unrest because of the -- and I think the whites were wrong in the way they treated the blacks in my opinion. |
| BT: |
But in '54 the school started to -- |
| CM: |
Integrate. |
| BT: |
-- desegregate? Okay. |
| CM: |
That's right. |
| BT: |
And you were police chief at that point. Now were there any fights or did you have to do any -- did they have to call anybody on the phone or call them in your office? |
| CM: |
Well, I talked to a lot of leaders, yes, sir. Particularly the Professor Henson who was the principal at the school, Frederick school. And I talked with him and his family and Delauters, Bud Delauter and Arnold Delauter and a couple other leaders I thought – and Dr. Bowen, particularly Dr. Bowen. Dr. Bowen was the only black doctor in Frederick, and his son. There was a lot of things that occurred in Frederick. We were able to calm them down and, well, because we met them head on. |
| BT: |
Can you give me an example how you did that? Can you think of one? |
| CM: |
Yeah, sure. We made -- everybody is equal and they knew that. And they knew that they could get a fair decision if they came to see me, because I was one of them. |
| BT: |
Okay. So can you think of one specific example where they came to you and you took care of it? |
| CM: |
Oh, yes. Well, they had been in fights downtown, there had been a lot of discomfort with the police officers, and of course it was necessary in some occasions, particularly the young black ones, I would have them in the office, I would ask the officer to come talk to me again. I said now I'm going to listen to this boy's side, I'm going to listen to your side, the officer I'm talking about, and I'm going to make the decision whether or not it's the right side. And in many instances it was against the police officer, because they'd treated the person badly. The police chief, I don't care where he comes from or who he is, he stands alone when he comes in the presence of the examples of -- well, let's give you an example. The Martin Luther King thing out in California, no -- (End of tape 1, side B.) (Indiscernible). |
| BT: |
Okay. You were talking about Martin -- |
| CM: |
Right. The Martin Luther King thing. If the chief of police out there would have taken a hand I don't think it would have been as bad as it was. |
| BT: |
Okay. So there was some police brutality? |
| CM: |
Oh, yes. In Frederick? |
| BT: |
In Frederick. |
| CM: |
Yes, sir. |
| BT: |
Okay. Now how -- what were your years as police chief again? '52 to -- |
| CM: |
'52 to '76. |
| BT: |
'76. Okay. |
| CM: |
Uh-huh. Or '77, they kept me over another year until they got somebody to come. |
| BT: |
Okay. So as police chief you oversaw -- you were around during the school desegregation. Now, did -- I've never heard anything about St. John's or Hood or Mount Saint Mary's. Did they have any problems desegregating that you know of? I never heard anybody say anything. |
| CM: |
I don't think so. |
| BT: |
Okay. Just the public schools there were some fistfights. |
| CM: |
That's right. |
| BT: |
Okay. Was there any problems with busing, getting the school children off buses and desegregating the buses? |
| CM: |
Oh, yes. |
| BT: |
Because I remember Lord Nickens saying something about school buses, trying to get the school buses desegregated. |
| CM: |
That's true. But -- |
| LM: |
They had a black and white bathroom downtown too. |
| BT: |
In the city hall? I believe that. What about the Tivoli? 1958. |
| CM: |
Oh, yes, man. Yes, man. |
| BT: |
See, I got my questions. |
| CM: |
All right. It's all right with me, it's all right with me. Well, they made them go upstairs, that wasn't right. |
| BT: |
And they desegregated in '58. Now, was that -- that wasn't a short quick decision on the management's part? |
| CM: |
No. |
| BT: |
Were there protests? |
| CM: |
Sure, sure. |
| BT: |
Who were some of the people? Do you remember? |
| CM: |
You mean who -- |
| BT: |
Who were some of the protestors? Was it the NAACP? Was it Dr. Bourne? Or was he still with us then? |
| CM: |
Well, his son was. He had passed away in the meantime. |
| BT: |
Okay. Who was the NAACP leader then? |
| CM: |
Lord Nickens. |
| BT: |
Lord Nickens. |
| CM: |
Sure. |
| BT: |
He was associated, I don't think he was the president then. |
| CM: |
He wasn't? |
| BT: |
I don't think so. I think it's -- but, yes, he was affiliated with the NAACP. |
| CM: |
Yes. |
| BT: |
So he probably was. What about the Snow White? We were at a restaurant the other day, Ike and I, was it Snow White or White Star? |
| MP: |
Snow White. Remember the Snow White Grill had a sign up. |
| CM: |
Yes. |
| MP: |
We reserve the right to refuse to serve anyone. |
| CM: |
Yes. |
| MP: |
And I had never -- since I've been eating there as a kid, I've never seen a black person in there eating until recently. Was there an issue about them refusing to serve them? |
| CM: |
Well, Hansel Hearse (phonetic sp.), Hansel Hearse was a fellow that came over here from West Virginia. And he is the fellow that opened the Snow White Grill. And he was -- really didn't like blacks. And Nellie, his wife, was just as bad. And that's true. So I talked with Mr. Hearse on several occasions and told him he was wrong. |
| BT: |
But there was no law that he was violating, right? |
| CM: |
No, no. And I think because of my influence, Mr. -- or rather my suggestion to him it was wrong, I think that Mr. Hearse eased up and let them go in. |
| BT: |
Okay. Were there other businesses that would have followed your lead, your suggestion? |
| CM: |
No, there weren't. |
| BT: |
Okay. Frederick Memorial Hospital desegregated I think in '61. Was there any kind of controversy with that? |
| CM: |
Well, let's go further back than that. Further back than that. Over to the Frederick Memorial Hospital was called at that time the Frederick City Hospital. And they would not allow any black people to be in a room in the hospital. So a man by the name of Joseph T. Baker, he put an annex on to that hospital, it was called the Baker Annex, and that's where the black people were allowed to come in. |
| BT: |
But they eventually opened up the whole hospital? |
| CM: |
Oh, sure. Sure. |
| BT: |
Now was there any big fanfare about that? Or -- |
| CM: |
Somewhat. |
| BT: |
Somewhat. |
| CM: |
But I can't -- I can't recall any names or anything. |
| BT: |
Okay. Were there sit-ins in Frederick? Anybody have a sit-in here when they went into a lunch counter and sat down? |
| CM: |
No. |
| BT: |
No sit-ins. |
| CM: |
Not to my knowledge. |
| BT: |
Well, I would guess as police chief you would have heard about it. |
| CM: |
Yes. Not to my knowledge. |
| MP: |
What forms of protest do you recall, if any, that the civil rights leaders would have engaged in, in order to change the laws of Frederick? Because I remember Frederick as being, and I'm not, Chief, trying to put words in your mouth, but I remember Frederick as being a very segregated as very southernness and its orientation in that regard. |
| CM: |
That's right. |
| MP: |
Did the blacks engage in any kind of protest to change Frederick and open up Frederick to blacks that you recall? |
| CM: |
Not in any sit-down, no. |
| MP: |
Any kind of protest? I don't remember any, but I was a kid. |
| CM: |
There were not. |
| MP: |
Okay. |
| CM: |
Well, I think they -- actually as I told you at the very beginning I had the advantage over anybody that would come here. |
| BT: |
Uh-huh. |
| CM: |
And I'm not trying to brag about it, I'm just telling you the facts. Because I'm a fellow that was then and am now -- my uncle, J. Fred Main, had the only grocery store almost off Saints Street. That was my father's brother. And I would go there as a young boy and work in the store (indiscernible). And there I was able to meet a lot of the older people. And then I would get my uncle to give some to people some money to go down to Berger's (phonetic sp.), probably which you've never heard of, it's in the back of where the -- what do they call that? Anyway, right near the school. The only ice skating pond in town before Colour Lake came up. And -- |
| MP: |
Behind Washington Street School? |
| CM: |
Yes, in that area. Yes. And, yes, there were protests. And I'd get my uncle to give some of the black kids some money to go down there skating. Yes, even as a young fellow, right before there were police officers, long before that, and I'd carry the groceries of the older black ladies who couldn't carry their groceries up to their house, I'd carry them up. Yes, as a young fellow. |
| MP: |
So you really were between two worlds. |
| CM: |
Oh, yes. |
| MP: |
Did you feel any pressure on you growing up or as a young man in Frederick moving between two worlds that really were very separate? |
| CM: |
I did not, because I had great feeling for the people. I was -- I was with them all the time. |
| BT: |
How did the Klan feel about you? |
| CM: |
Never had anybody. |
| BT: |
Hum. |
| MP: |
The Klan never protested against what you were doing or policy that you were -- |
| CM: |
No, none. |
| BT: |
It's interesting considering how active they were at times. |
| CM: |
That's right. |
| BT: |
Well, let's go back to law then. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed, Maryland passed a Public Accommodations Law. At that point it's illegal to segregate. What happened in Frederick then? |
| CM: |
Not much. |
| BT: |
Not much. |
| CM: |
Not much. |
| BT: |
Did you have to arrest people, give them fines? Or did they desegregate? |
| CM: |
No, I think they was very -- very cooperative. |
| BT: |
They just went ahead and opened up their business and -- |
| CM: |
That's right, that's right. |
| MP: |
Excuse me. I have to go, I have a 5:00 class. So if you don't mind if Bruce sticks around and asks you a couple more questions -- |
| CM: |
No, indeedy, no indeedy. |
| MP: |
-- for another, you know, half hour or so or 20 minutes? Good. Okay. |
| CM: |
That little statement there, you can keep that copy. |
| MP: |
Can I keep this? Well, I'll make a copy and I'll get it back to you. |
| CM: |
All right. |
| MP: |
How about that? |
| CM: |
Okay. That gives you opinion. |
| MP: |
Yes. Yes, I looked through it and it sure does. So we'll make a copy. |
| CM: |
And I gave a copy to every police office. |
| MP: |
Oh, did you? |
| CM: |
Yes, sir. |
| BT: |
Well, that's good to know. So we'll have to attach that to the interview. |
| MP: |
Yes, this is -- since we're on the tape, this is an April 5th, 1968 statement of the chief to the first shift concerning the death of Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. |
| CM: |
Well, the first shift and on to the other shifts too. |
| MP: |
So all the shifts received it. |
| CM: |
All the shifts. |
| MP: |
Okay. Okay, good. |
| CM: |
And as a result of that we didn't have any trouble. |
| BT: |
Okay. |
| MP: |
Well, I'm sure Bruce will talk specifically about that evening for sure. |
| BT: |
Yes, we got it on here, so. |
| MP: |
Okay, Chief, thank you very much. I do appreciate it. |
| CM: |
Yes, sir. Okay. |
| MP: |
Take care. |
| BT: |
Thanks a lot. |
| MP: |
Bruce, I'll see you a little bit later. |
| BT: |
Okay. Thanks. Voting rights, there was a voting rights act passed in 1965. |
| CM: |
Correct. |
| BT: |
Could blacks vote in Frederick? |
| CM: |
Yes. |
| BT: |
That's what I remember from Baltimore as well. |
| CM: |
That's right. |
| BT: |
And so was there any trouble with blacks voting? |
| CM: |
No, no. Not in Frederick. |
| BT: |
Democratic Party was it exclusively white? |
| CM: |
Mostly. |
| BT: |
Mostly. |
| CM: |
Yes. I'd say the majority. |
| BT: |
So this is -- it was not -- so did most of the blacks vote Republican? |
| CM: |
I believe they did, I believe they did. I believe so. |
| BT: |
Because I've heard Mr. Nickens say that there was some trouble with the Democratic Party -- |
| CM: |
That's right. |
| BT: |
-- (indiscernible) only white. |
| CM: |
Well, that's right, because you had some strong -- well, Lord Culler was mayor for 28 years and he was very much against it. |
| BT: |
Who was that? |
| CM: |
Mayor Lloyd C. Culler. |
| BT: |
Okay. And he was against? |
| CM: |
Yes, the blacks. |
| BT: |
Was he before Mr. Rice? |
| CM: |
Oh, my, yes. |
| BT: |
Okay. |
| CM: |
Oh, yes. |
| BT: |
Well, I'm new to the area. I'm not -- I'm new to the area. |
| CM: |
Oh, yes, yes. He was mayor -- he was mayor, oh my, back in the '20s, '21, '22, '23, '30s. |
| BT: |
Okay. |
| CM: |
He served 28 years. |
| BT: |
Okay. And after Mr. Rice came who as mayor? |
| CM: |
John Derr. |
| BT: |
John Derr. And who was after that? |
| CM: |
Paul Magacky (phonetic sp.). |
| BT: |
Do you remember the next one? |
| CM: |
Huh? |
| BT: |
Who is next? |
| CM: |
And the next man was Jacob Brandenburg. |
| BT: |
Okay. And how did they feel about segregation? |
| CM: |
Well -- |
| BT: |
You would have had a working relationship with them? |
| CM: |
Oh, yes. Oh, yes, sure did. Well, they thought they were borderline, most of them did, except Jacob Brandenburg. |
| BT: |
How did he feel? |
| CM: |
Oh, he was a wonderful man. He was a state senator and he was a good mayor. Excellent mayor. And of course Paul Gordon was the mayor at one time. |
| BT: |
Ron Young was the mayor at one time. |
| CM: |
Oh, yes. Yes, I worked for him. |
| BT: |
Okay. Any comments on Mr. Young? Did you have any problems during his time? |
| CM: |
Well, no, I would say I didn't have any problem because I was a pretty damn strong individual. |
| BT: |
Okay. You -- |
| CM: |
He didn't treat me too good, but that's all right. |
| BT: |
Okay. The assassination of King, let's go back to that for a minute. |
| CM: |
Okay. |
| BT: |
I believe it was April the 4th, 1968. |
| CM: |
That's right. |
| BT: |
And in Baltimore like two days later they had a major riot. |
| CM: |
Correct. |
| BT: |
And it just destroyed blocks downtown. Here in Frederick didn't they do something called "Dialogue Groups?" Do you remember anything Delaplaines doing something with that? Does that ring a bell? |
| CM: |
No. There were a lot of comments. But I know this, that if it hadn't been for me, there would have been some trouble. |
| BT: |
Okay. So everybody knew that if they got in the streets -- |
| CM: |
That was my responsibility. |
| BT: |
Okay. Let's go back and let's talk about Dr. Bourne for a minute. |
| CM: |
Yes. |
| BT: |
You mentioned him. What do you recall about Dr. Bourne? |
| CM: |
Dr. Bourne was the kindest, most influential person I've ever known in my life. He was a man that treated white people and black people just as much as anybody. His son after he passed away, of course his son was a doctor, and his daughter was a doctor, Blanche Tyree (phonetic sp.). Have you ever heard of that? |
| BT: |
I have heard of her and she is still alive now. |
| CM: |
Very much alive. |
| BT: |
I'm going to have to get one of my students down there and talk to her. |
| CM: |
And she's a very, very good person. |
| BT: |
Okay. |
| CM: |
Well, Dr. Bourne was a man who had his office on the corner of Ice and West All Saints Street. And he treated as many white people as he did black people. And he was a very staunch dedicated man to the community. I thought he was one of the most outstanding people I've ever known in my life. When I was a young fellow I'd pass his house and he'd always tip his hat and, good morning, youngster, how are you getting along. And then when I came back here to Frederick of course he passed away shortly thereafter. He was in bad health when I came back here. And of course his son who took over the practice, he was a boyfriend of mine. I mean boyfriend. As a matter of fact my house was at 15 West South Street and he lived on Saints Street but my backyard adjourned his backyard. And we played together and we were good friends together as young people. And Blanche is the same way, my sisters played with them. So, yes, we had some problems, but they could all be solved if you could stand for the right thing. |
| BT: |
Do you think the fact that Dr. Bourne was so influential and so evenhanded influenced not only your life but other Frederick (indiscernible)? |
| CM: |
Oh, yes. |
| BT: |
And that just kept things calm? |
| CM: |
When he was around, that's right. |
| BT: |
Now, how was his son -- was he a NAACP man too—his son? |
| CM: |
No. |
| BT: |
No. Just a doctor? |
| CM: |
He was a doctor. But if he was an influence -- he was a very great influence too, but not like his dad. |
| BT: |
Okay. Were there other -- you mentioned Arnold and Claude Delauter. |
| CM: |
Yes. |
| BT: |
And we've mentioned Lord Nickens. Were there other activists, community activists? |
| CM: |
George Gerdin (phonetic sp.). |
| BT: |
Okay. Who was he? |
| CM: |
Well, George Gerdin was a -- he's still around here. The only -- I can't recall all the names, but there were other people that joined up with them. But, it isn't because -- I just can't remember the names. |
| BT: |
Well, the fact that you were able to come up with three or four is pretty good. |
| CM: |
Yes. |
| BT: |
It really is. And one of those Arnolds worked at the hospital didn't he? |
| CM: |
Arnold. |
| BT: |
Arnold. I meant the Delauters. Yes, Arnold worked at the hospital? |
| CM: |
Yes. And Claude was a school teacher. |
| BT: |
School teacher. Okay. |
| CM: |
Yes. |
| BT: |
Well -- |
| CM: |
Arnold was at the hospital for 45 years. |
| BT: |
Somewhere '44? I don't remember what I read somewhere. |
| CM: |
Yes, somewhere there. |
| BT: |
What did George do, do you know? |
| CM: |
George Gerdin? |
| BT: |
Yes. |
| CM: |
He worked for the Government. |
| BT: |
Did he? |
| CM: |
Yes. He lived on Madison Street for a long time and he moved. He lives in Clover Hill II, I think it is now. |
| BT: |
Now -- |
| CM: |
There was a dentist in Frederick too that was black. I can't think of his name. He was a very, very influential person too. |
| BT: |
Okay. As police chief now you got the merit system put in, I think that's what you called it where you were protected. You got training put in. |
| CM: |
That's right. |
| BT: |
You got the guns changed out. What about other changes do you -- in your career could you point to as things that you had a responsibility directly? |
| CM: |
Human relations. |
| BT: |
Human relations. That your letter would be a good example of. |
| CM: |
Yes. |
| BT: |
Okay. Anything else? I mean you retired you said in '76? |
| CM: |
Yes. |
| BT: |
'77. |
| CM: |
Yes. |
| BT: |
Between '52 and '76 what would be some of the high points of your career as police chief? What would be some of your big achievements? |
| CM: |
The biggest achievement was that a fellow Mugerell (phonetic) buried his child alive in Frederick. |
| BT: |
Buried his child alive? |
| CM: |
In Frederick. |
| BT: |
Okay. When did he do this and why? |
| CM: |
Well, that was in 1958 I believe it was. 1958. How that came about was the Mugerell came here as construction engineer at Fort Detrick. He had been previously involved with the -- in connection with the missing or murdering of his wife. And when -- then he had a mongoloid child. And he had the child in Washington, D.C. and he disposed of the child.
And how -- how we got into the case was this: That the Metropolitan police, Washington, D.C. and the FBI came here to Frederick looking for a lady by the name of Pearl Putne (phonetic sp.). Now Pearl Putne was a very prominent person in Washington, a socialite in Washington, D.C., and she was missing. And her brother was an international lawyer and a very prominent person in Washington, D.C. And they couldn't find her, and her brother as I say was a lawyer, he came here, or they came here looking for her. And all the furniture was taken out of their house and thought they could get a clue by finding out where the furniture might be. And then they were checking all surrounding areas, Prince George's County, Carroll County, and Frederick County, and so forth, wherever they had storage areas. And we weren't able to find any of the furniture in Frederick. But it was very peculiar circumstances. This guy was -- always went to the Francis Scott Key Hotel for his meals, he lived at the Francis Scott Key Hotel and quite unusual circumstances. And he went to church here in Frederick, he would always give a $20 bill and write his name on it, very unusual. And after they left here and we couldn't find any furniture or anything about it, it was very intriguing.
It was myself and my staff we talked this thing over. We were able to establish that he had a child but it was a mongoloid child, and he -- let me get my mind together here. Then we went down to Washington, D.C. to Children's Hospital. There we found that this child had been taken from the hospital because he was going to take this child to the specialist in Florida. And they couldn't -- but no one could see, no one found out anything about this child, missing child now. And then it was very peculiar of all the $20 bills he put in the collection plate and so on.
And he then told the people at the church that he -- a dog had saved his life in Korea and he was going out there to bury the dog at a dog cemetery, which is in back of Roy Rogers on the Golden Mile. And I pursued that theme and thought about it a great deal and I went out to the owner of the place and there I -- he told me where the dog had been buried or about. So we dug it up and there we found human bones not dog bones.
And then we got on his trail and he was picked up in Las Vegas and I -- we went out to Las Vegas and they taped a conversation with him in jail. And then later on why of course he came back to Frederick and we came back to Frederick and the grand jury didn't indict him. About a year later they found the body of Mrs. Putne. (End of tape 1, side B.) And that was -- then the California authorities came here to see me, and I of course denied I had anything to do with the investigation out there, but you see in the state of California instead of having a report of -- the probation department makes a report of character representation on persons in court, they summoned me out there to testify in court. And of course I told them about the things I just told you about all the finding this body and so on and so forth. Finally he was convicted in California, Daneville, California. And I was out there, I went out there and testified. And what a character that guy was. And he was convicted of murder. But not in Frederick County. |
| BT: |
For his wife? |
| CM: |
For Mrs. Putne. |
| BT: |
Mrs. Putne. |
| CM: |
Yes, that's right. |
| BT: |
Who was not his -- who was the socialite? Okay. |
| CM: |
Yes, socialite. |
| BT: |
I'll keep this quick, I guess two questions. One, let's start with a general question. How has Frederick changed in your lifetime? |
| CM: |
Well, it's changed to the better. Much better. There is still a lot of things that should be done that -- it can be much better in my (indiscernible). |
| BT: |
It's growing? |
| CM: |
It's growing, oh, yes. It's growing too much. |
| BT: |
The character is changing isn't it? The personality of the town changes? |
| CM: |
Yes, that's right, and quick. |
| BT: |
So you'd say that's a good thing? A bad thing? |
| CM: |
Well, I think it's good. |
| BT: |
You think it's good. |
| CM: |
I think it's good. As long as we keep to the proper administration here that has a feeling for the people, my philosophy is time, patience and perseverance will accomplish all things. |
| BT: |
Good motto. Because some people I even talk to, they say, well, I remember the Golden Mile when it was an orchard a farm. Yes. |
| CM: |
That's right. |
| BT: |
And I'm sure if you were at the police barracks you were on the edge of wilderness there at one time. |
| CM: |
That's right. Well, I was in the city, that was the city limits. |
| BT: |
Right. |
| CM: |
Were the barracks there. |
| BT: |
Right. Now today -- |
| CM: |
Well, I think you -- we were in the center. Frederick is the center of the state of Maryland and I knew it had to grow. There was no doubt in my mind about that. It had to grow. And of course you have influx of new people in town which is good. The culture of the people are -- well, you know, in other words the past is one thing which teaches adults. And we learn from each other, I learn from you, you learn from me. |
| BT: |
Yes. |
| CM: |
That's the way it is. |
| BT: |
You'll get no argument from me. |
| CM: |
Right. That's the way life is. |
| BT: |
I've learned a great deal here today and I want to thank you for a -- |
| CM: |
And I've told the president of your college, the lady -- she spoke at the Lions Club here a couple of weeks ago, a month ago yesterday. I felt that the institute in the community, the Frederick Community College, a program of law enforcement is (indiscernible), because you see law enforcement people should be more peace officers than they are (indiscernible). If we have -- and I'd like to see you all have a school out there instead of us having a training school. |
| BT: |
I can't speak for FCC, but it sounds like a good idea to me too. |
| CM: |
Well, why I say that, there are -- I said it because as you train police officers, police officers are trained. And we are nothing more than a civilian government. |
| BT: |
That's right. And as you were saying police officers end up training or influencing citizens. |
| CM: |
That's right. |
| BT: |
Particularly the young people, like the Little League like you (indiscernible). |
| CM: |
That's right. That's right, Little League and other kinds of things that I've done in my lifetime. YMCA, and so forth and so on. But yes, I told her this, and I said like to see -- and they train -- we have a good training school and now it's called the Charles V. Main Training Center, they dedicated it to me. |
| BT: |
Good. So this is Frederick City's training school? |
| CM: |
Yes, sir. |
| BT: |
Frederick City's training school. See I'm new I didn't know all this. |
| CM: |
Yes, yes. |
| BT: |
Great. |
| CM: |
Oh, yes. |
| BT: |
Very quickly, when did you get married to your first wife? |
| CM: |
1937. |
| BT: |
1937. And you were married 40 some years I think you said? |
| CM: |
Forty-one years. |
| BT: |
Forty-one years. And she died of cancer in -- |
| CM: |
That's right. |
| BT: |
'78? |
| CM: |
And this lady here I've been married to her for 15 years. |
| BT: |
What is her name? |
| CM: |
Louise. |
| BT: |
Louise. What was her maiden name or pervious name? |
| CM: |
Corbin. |
| BT: |
Louise Corbin. And your first wife's name? |
| CM: |
Her name Warnick. |
| BT: |
Warnick. Okay. |
| CM: |
W-A-R-N-I-C-K. |
| BT: |
Yes, see all the genealogists will want to know all of this. |
| CM: |
And she was a very -- she was a nurse at the Frederick -- at the hospital out here for 38 years. |
| BT: |
Mr. Main, I want to thank you. It's been a delight to speak with you and I've learned a lot just sitting here listening. And I hope that the students at FCC and Frederick in general will benefit from all these interviews. |
| CM: |
Yes. |
| BT: |
Because if we don't record the past we will forget it. |
| CM: |
That's true. There's no doubt about it. |
| BT: |
Thank you very much. |
| CM: |
Okay, sir. And thank you for coming by. |